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The Risen One - Synopsis of an article by John Sobrino


Jesus’ Resurrection from among the world’s crucified
The resurrection of Jesus is the fundamental event and truth of Christian faith. The author in the article tries to show that the risen one is the same one who was crucified,
‘Jesus of Nazareth’. The author is trying to be faithful to the New Testament and tries to be honest to the reality of millions of men and women.
We should remember that the risen one is the crucified one, because, it is in this manner  New Testament presents Jesus’ Resurrection
 Author gives a subtle idea of the context in which he is writing, when he says, ‘ In the human race today, especially where I am writing, many men and women, in fact entire peoples are crucified. These crucified people make us recollect, the  one who was crucified. This recollection makes the Jesus’ recollection concrete, Christian good news. These crucified of the history in fact furnish a special lens to understand the resurrection of Jesus, ‘Chritianly’.

Triumph of God’s Justice
Through the believing process, what happened to Jesus’ resurrection was  universalized. Cross and resurrection started to function as  death,  the  lot of all human beings and immortality as their aspiration and hope. God’s power to raise from the dead, was presented as the warranty of that hope and counter to the power of death.
In the first Christian preaching, ‘You… made use of pagans to crucify and kill Jesus. God freed him from death’s pangs and raised him up again ‘( Acts2, 23-24)
 Two things are stressed here. 1. God raised him 2. He was raised.
Jesus of Nazareth who according to the gospel had preached the coming of the kingdom to the poor, denounced and unmasked the mighty, was condemned to death and executioned, maintaining all the while a radical fidelity to the will of God and radical trust with which he obeyed God. In the first discourse he’s projected as ‘the just and the holy one’ (Acts 3,14) and very shortly his death is interpreted as the lot of holy prophets ( 1 thes 2,15)
One who lived was thus crucified, has been raised from the dead by God. Jesus’ resurrection is presented as God’s response to the unjust, criminal action of human beings. God’s response was provoked by human activity; that is the murder of the just one. Resurrection of Jesus is the triuph of the justice over injustice. It’s the triumph not only of God's Omnipotence but also of God's justice. Therefore, once and for all justice has triumphed over injustice and the victim over the executioner.

Scandal of Death Dealing Injustice
God's victorious act in Jesus’ resurrection must not let us forget, the gravity of the action of human beings, to which it is a response. First Christian discourse says, ' you killed him' . We also have, “Yet I know brothers, that you acted out of ignorance'. (Acts 3, 17) This phrase is to  console and to move conversion, doesn't reduce the gravity of the murder of the just one. St Paul says, ' where sin has abounded, grace is superabundant’.
The unilateral  concentration on the activity of God in raising Jesus from the dead  frequently means that the great scandal of history is, when all is said and done, one's own future death.
What makes the resurrection of Jesus necessary and possible is the courage to hope for once own personal survival. The resurrection places before us the question, whether we too are not participators in the murdering of the just one – whether we are on the side of the murderers or the life giving God.
Jesus' resurrection tells us that we need to deal with our own future death and even more with the death and life of others. This emphasizes that here and now, there exist immense injustice that deals death in history and the way of confronting that scandal is the Christian way of dying  to oneself.
Hope for one's own resurrection = one must forget oneself to gain oneself, “Christianly”. Someone for whom his own death is a scandal and the hope of his own survival is a problem, would not have a Christian hope, and would not have a hope sprung from Jesus' resurrection. Such one has hope centered around himself, which is not a Christian hope.

Hope for the Crucified
Amidst so many other symbols of hope in the world, theology has pointed out that its symbol has better reputation, because it combines corporeal, social and even cosmic aspects of resurrection.
When we are honest to the Jesus' resurrection and not only reading the texts fundamentally, first and foremost Jesus' resurrection is hope for the crucified. God has raised the crucified one and from this moment on there is hope for the crucified of the history. In reality, they see in Jesus the elder brother and not merely intentionally. This gives them the courage to hope for their own resurrection and even to show their mettle in history.
The mutual relationship between the resurrection and the history’s crucified is analogous to the kingdom of God and the poor that Jesus preached to. Let's not forget, before being the  cross we used to  say, Jesus' cross, a cross, one among so many crosses carried before and after him. We must not forget that there are so many people in the world, who do not simply die, but in various ways die as Jesus died, in the hands of ' pagans'. Many men and women really die, crucified, murdered, tortured to death or ' disappeared' for justice' sake. Many die a slow crucifixion today due to structural injustices
From a quantitative point of view, what lends credibility to Jesus’ resurrection today is that it can be hope for the immense masses of humanity. From a qualitative view point Jesus’ resurrection is transformed into a universal symbol of hope to the extent all men and women share in some form of crucifixion. In order to have Christian hope, one should participate in some way of crucifixion.
When one’s own death is not mere natural, instead the result of some sort of love for others especially the poor, helpless, defenseless when one’s death is the result of injustice, then an analogy is obtained between the life and death and the life and death of Jesus. It is then one shares in the Christian hope. Good news is for the poor and resurrection is for the crucified.
He also adds the community aspect of involvement of the justice.

Credibility of God’s Power through the Cross
Histories crucified await salvation and they know that power is needed for this. At the same time they do not believe in pure power for quite often this is unfavourable to them. Promises made do not necessarily unleash hope. It is no more important then to profess the omnipotence of God, “who restores the dead to life and calls into being those things that had not been”, than it is to be assured of god's love. We must return to the crucified Lord and acknowledge in him, the presence of God and the expression of the love of God as St Paul says, who delivers up the son for love. The power of God in the resurrection is not only a piece of good news.
On the Jesus’ cross, in the first moment God's impotence appeared. In itself this is not the cause of hope. But it lends credibility to the power of God that will be shown in the resurrection. The expressions God's impotence, God's helplessness are the expressions of God's absolute nearness to the poor. God was on Jesus' cross. God shared the horrors of history.  Therefore God's action in the history is credible at least to the one who was crucified. God's silence raises the question, whether the God was with Jesus in the cross? If the answer is yes then God's nearness to human beings in  the incarnation, proclaimed and rendered present by Jesus during his  earthly life is consummated. The cross says in human language that nothing in history has set limits to God's nearness to human beings. With this nearness the crucified can believe that God's power is good news.
The raising action of God and the hope of one's own resurrection continue, to be the objects of faith and hope. Knowing that God was on Jesus' cross, gives the hope to the crucified that the God's power is not oppressive but salvific.
The stubbornness of hope is what resurrection ultimately says to the crucified. This is not the manifestation only of God's hope but also love.

Jesus' Lordship in the present
A new human being and a new earth
Jesus' death points to the absolute future, but it also points to the historical present. Jesus is already the Lord and the believers are already the new men and women. His resurrection doesn't separate him from the history, rather introduces him in new way. And the believers in the risen one must live as risen themselves in the conditions of the history.
At times in the new humans, there might emerge a tendency to see the risen one without a cross, an end without a process, a transcendence without history , a lordship without service. The path to the new human being is none other than that of Jesus' path to resurrection. It was said of him that he was made Lord in virtue of his abasement ( Phil 2, 8-9)
This implies  two things: First; Jesus underwent a process in becoming the Lord. Second: that process was a process of fidelity to the concrete history that produced that abasement.
 There is no other route for  human beings. The life of the new human being is thus still a process. The process is: One must become incarnate in the world of the poor, proclaim to the poor the good news, come forward in their defense, denounce and unmask the mighty, take on the lot of the poor and  the ultimate consequence of that is the solidarity, the cross. It is thus retracing the way of the cross in the history.
Kingdom of God becomes real, in the measure that there are servants as  he was a servant. Therefore, to be Lord is to serve. It's a Christian paradox. Jesus' resurrection has not abolished it, rather sanctioned it. This service I for the salvation of the world. It is giving life tot he histories crucified.
A new human is a free man as the scriptures say. Following the crucified one, being radically free has its own gladness. But let's not forget,  neither freedom nor joy nor any expression of Jesus' resurrection  is ' Christianly possible' apart from or counter to the following of Jesus crucified.

Final Word to the Church
It is frequently difficult for the church to proclaim  Jesus' resurrection . It is because, church wishes to proclaim it directly, without referring to  the crucified one. It may create certain emotions in a liturgical celebration but it will not be effective to the historical life.
Those who have followed Jesus' route from the beginning, those who have made his path their own amidst all insanity and scandals of the cross, will be able to hear from without, when the resurrection of Jesus is proclaimed- the word that leads within; that Jesus' life was true life and that is why he abides forever. That life is mightier than death, that justice is mightier than injustice, that hope is more real than resignation. In other words they will know that God is drawing this history of horrors to  divinity itself.
Therefore first question is whether the  church is indeed united tot he cross, when it seeks to proclaim the Jesus' resurrection?
In the crucified of the history Jesus becomes present, as we hear in matthew25. In them Jesus has returned, showing his wounds more than his glory.
 From the midst of history's crucified, without any compact or compromise, with their crosses, Jesus' resurrection must be proclaimed. In those crucified Jesus is present today. In service to them, the lordship of Jesus becomes present today.  In the stubborn refusal to strike a pact with their crosses, unshakable  hope becomes present, historically.

Critical Views:
Justitia in Mundo:
1.                  Action on behalf of justice and participation in the transformation of the world fully appear to us as a constitutive dimension of the preaching of the gospel, or in other words, of the church’s mission for  the redemption for human race and its liberation from every oppressive situation(#6)

2.      Many who suffer injustice are voiceless; the church should speak on their behalf(#20)

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